Sushi Money

It’s no surprise to many of us that consumer price inflation has risen at the fastest rate in 17 years.  We see that with each trip to the grocery store or gas station.  It raises questions about interest rates.and a lot of other issues in our future. Per Bloomberg:

“The report may intensify the debate between those Fed policy makers that forecast inflation will slow and those concerned that price pressures will accelerate. Increases beyond food and fuel, including gains in clothing, airline fares and education, make it less likely that central bankers will be able to keep interest rates unchanged for long.”

So far this year the government’s CPI shows inflation running at over 5 %.  

“There is “a tremendous amount of cost pressure here that is affecting many, many industries,” William Poole, the former St. Louis Fed president, said in an interview with Bloomberg Television. Today’s report “raises the general trajectory” of interest rates, reducing the chance of cuts and bringing forward the likelihood of increases, he said.  ”

Imagine if inflation stayed at that rate for several years or even increased more?  If we’re not earning at least that much in interest on our savings or investments over time, then we’re actually losing money.  

The Fed must walk a fine line between keeping rates low due to our current economic challenges and raising rates based on the threat of inflation.  So far they’ve held the line and most believe will continue to do so this year.  But real estate is clawing for traction while foreclosures are still high.  Yet Alan Greenspan sees a potential housing bottom in 2009.  That doesn’t mean housing recovers quickly however.

Greenspan cautioned that even at a bottom “prices could continue to drift lower through 2009 and beyond.”  An end to the decline in house prices, he explained, matters not only to American homeowners but is a necessary condition for an end to the current global financial crisis.

“Stable home prices will clarify the level of equity in homes, the ultimate collateral support for much of the financial world’s mortgage-backed securities,” he said. “We won’t really know the market value of the asset side of the banking system’s balance sheet — and hence banks’ capital — until then,” he said.

And that’s the question:  When is Then?   I’ve believed housing would begin to recover in 2009, and we may indeed see that.  But based on the credit and banking issues the nation (world) is facing, we’re going to see a slowly drawn out recovery.  It may be 3-4 years before we really see stability in both housing and lending, or the economy.

But the economy may recover more quickly in terms of jobs and growth if we can get a handle on energy and defense spending.  Also not something that may happen for a couple years or more, but I believe it will come.  Yet that belief is simply an opinion, one of thousands. We don’t know what the nation will face economically in a few years, or the challenges we’ll see at home.

For that reason, there’s little choice but to keep improving the “family bottom line.”  That means we’re still saving, working off debt and investing for our future.   To get to that future, we must embrace our vital role in creation of a financial structure that supports our needs and choices.  Retirement is something we all dream of, but it’s not something that, ideally, just happens when we reach a magical age.  It could, but most of us would like to plan ahead a little more. 

Walter Updegrave hits on the retirement planning issue when asked by a couple how they can determine how much money they’ll have when they retire at age 65.  He says instead to determine how much money we’ll need to support the lifestyle we want, and then we can decide when to retire.  

“I mean, it’s not as if we get a comfortable and secure retirement just because we reach a certain age. The real issue in determining when you can retire is whether you’ve got enough in savings and other resources so you can leave your job yet still live the lifestyle you want, or at least one that’s acceptable to you.”

“What’s more, this sort of assessment isn’t something that you should be leaving to the eve of your expected retirement date. You should ideally keep tabs over the course of your career on your progress toward a comfortable retirement. And at the very least once you hit the home stretch - that is, when you’re within 10 or so years of when you hope to retire - you should be doing a fairly rigorous analysis every year or so to confirm whether you’re still on track to achieve your target retirement date and, if not, re-assess your plan.”

The article cites many other considerations such as social security and a retirement budget.  If the discussion looks somewhat redundant to many people, that’s because there are so many people asking these questions. 

I don’t know about you, but I find new things to learn every day.  A smooth upward track toward a financially secure future would be nice.  But along the way our financial fortunes fluctuate and change.   Keeping up with those changes is part of the game, and planning for how to get to retirement means we re-visit a few things along the way.  I’m still working on the financial structure that will support the future I want.  And I’ve embraced my role in helping create it.  It would be nice if the economy and markets would help out a little more, but there’s no time to wait. 

Let’s see, durable goods are way up?  Could that be significant for employment going forward?  Hmmm… maybe that means we’re not really headed deep into recession, but just bouncing off the bottom a bit.  What else does that mean? 

Could the market be forming a base here?  All this government bailout stuff and an election year too (although why is one of our candidates campaigning in Europe?!).  Housing’s still way off from a bottom though, and banks are still tightening credit it seems.  But oil’s come down quite a bit the past couple of weeks, about $22 per barrel less than before.  Was that the top? 

The Treasury Secretary and FDIC folks see the current events as a “challenging environment” for consumers and financial firms.  No kidding.   But with all that money flowing out of the government, it’s got to go somewhere.  Eventually it’s going to make it’s way to consumers, and maybe show up in the way of inflation?  Which means the Fed may be raising rates over the next year.  Could be why mortgage rates have headed up too.

I don’t have a clue where the markets are headed, but I’m staying in the game.  There are some hopeful signs for economic growth and a continued recovery.  So how do I see it?  I’m focusing on safe places to put money and not taking any big risks.  But I’m not parking the money in the mattress either.  But safe is a relative term that means different things to different people.

If you’re 77 years old and have $65,000 of life savings, you want to feel that the money is safe in the bank savings account or a CD to use when you might need it.  And if you’re a young family, working hard to pay your bills and feed your children, it’s important to make sure that the $3500 you have in the savings account is safe.   And with almost every bank across the nation, that money is safe. That’s why they’re FDIC insured for up to $100,000 for most accounts.

But what’s the word safe mean to a family making over $100,000 a year, with three kids and one heading to college, and a modest 401(k) and retirement savings of $200,000?   Maybe that family is doing just fine at home and handling the economic challenges without any hardship on a monthly basis.  But are their investments and retirement savings in a safe place, especially when considered against a spectrum of 20-30 years?  Maybe not.

And that’s where a professional financial planner or advisor can help to structure your diversification and asset allocation based on what you believe is safe and appropriate to your age, your family situation and your financial goals.   Eventually the tide is going to turn, and you want to be ready to take advantage of positive economic change, while minimizing economic challenge.

What are the core values from my perspective?  Staying invested for the long term, staying patient, paying down debt and building up that emergency fund in the bank.  Not necessarily in that order!

I does feel good to save for a cushion in case we need it, and yes, there’s still many good places out there to park your money.   Folks are jumping at the chance to open a 4.0% CD with Bank of America while the company extends their business hours this weekend.  That’s not bad at all.  And there are other FDIC insured places to save such as with ING Direct’s High Yield Savings account offering a 3.00% annual percentage yield.

But here’s a question: Is the American Dream dead?  Is it too hard anymore to get an education, a decent paying job, find a home and raise a family?   Are there really hoards of “Empty ATM’s and Desperate Boomers” out there?

Maybe for some folks, but for the nation as a whole?  No way.  I don’t buy that for a minute, and I refuse to believe that the dream so many of us have for a better future has fallen by the wayside just because we’re facing economic challenge in many ways.   We’ve been through this before, and we’ll face it again.  But we’ll get through it.

No matter what I read, and all the negative hype about financial markets and the credit crisis, what the economy really is about is what we do at home.  If you’re the one struggling right now my thoughts and best wishes are with you.  But no matter what, don’t give up, keep the faith and stay hopeful.  This country has been through some pretty hard times in the past, and we’ll move forward from here just as well. 

* On a sad but inspirational note, Randy Pausch who gave us The Last Lecture has passed away today, July 25th, 2008.  I posted a Wall Street Journal video about Randy in September 2007.  He truly showed us what living is all about.  Here’s the link to his full 76 minute Last Lecture on YouTube.  And Randy’s personal site is worth visiting.  God Bless Randy, and to your family.

When was the last time you reviewed your employee benefit situation?   Most of us fill out tons of paperwork when we start a new job, and then we don’t think much about our overall benefits unless we use them.

But do you know if you’re qualified to receive life insurance?  Have you designated beneficiaries where necessary?  Do you even know who the benefits personnel are with your employer?   And if you do know a lot about your benefits, when was the last time you reviewed them?

Sometimes it’s not what we do that matters, but what our employer does.  Sometimes you can do everything right, and still end up without promised benefits simply because your employer has the law on their side.

Here’s a story from the AP about Spherion Corporation that denied $426,000 of benefits to the spouse of an employee who died simply because he didn’t fulfill one day of employment under a new insurance policy, that he didn’t even know he was required to do. 

“Spherion’s decision to deny benefits to Amschwand-Bellinger turned on an odd set of facts. Spherion, which employs about 300,000 people, switched insurers after Thomas Amschwand was diagnosed with a rare form of heart cancer. The new policy did not take effect until an employee worked one full day. Spherion never informed Amschwand of the requirement.”

“Amschwand asked repeatedly whether there was anything else he needed to do and was told no. He asked that the new policy be sent to him. Spherion never did so.”

“He died without returning to work. His widow said he easily could have worked a day if that was what it took to activate the new policy. Spherion could have waived the one-day-of-work provision, as it did for other employees but not for Amschwand.”

Incredibly, even though his widow sued the company, she lost under current legal guidelines.  

 **Update:  Spherion Corporation has provided some additional information about this case.  For further information, click here to read about the Amschwand case on the Spherion website.  Only the family and Spherion really know the details, but in fairness we wanted to ensure all available information was provided.

Employee benefits issues will certainly become more important in the years ahead, especially with an aging workforce.

Along those lines,  the Supreme Court has come down on the side of employee rights in several workplace discrimination cases recently.  Arguably some employers see this as another expanding threat of increasing costs and bureaucratic mandates.  Yet for older workers, discrimation within the workplace can be a real concern, especially coupled with the dual impact of health care benefit needs and retirement planning needs.  Employers are now on notice to ensure they are not denying benefits or job advancement opportunties to older workers due to discrimination, or basically “firing” an older worker simply because of the potential cost of health or retirement plan benefits.

Most importantly however, it’s up to individual employees - young or old - to make sure they know and are receiving benefit information, and that they’ve signed and completed paperwork or other requirements for the benefits to be valid.

Understanding and implementing benefit programs for employees shouldn’t be this difficult.  For many companies it’s not, and the company works together with employees to help them understand their benefits.  But like much in our financial lives, it pays to be prepared.  

Take another look at your benefit programs and make sure you understand the rights (and responsibilities) you have in making sure you receive the benefits you are entitled to when necessary. 

For more information, see your Human Resources or Benefits Personnel office, or check out a few helpful links at the U.S. Department of Labor:

• Health Care Plan benefit information
• Retirement and Pension Plan information
• Retirement Savings issues
• Consumer Publications available

For most of us in the U.S. prices at the gas pump are ridiculously high.  It would almost be funny if it wasn’t such a crucial issue for the national economy and consumers.  When I filled the tank the other day it was staggering to see the difference in cost from just months ago.  We don’t know if gas prices will remain high or continue higher in the years ahead, but global demand is still growing which makes it likely. These prices are almost inconceivable in some ways, and when you’ve got to make a long commute each day it’s hard to reconcile paying a larger chunk of the monthly budget to get the same amount of miles out of a vehicle.  Those chunks of the monthly budget add up to real dollars over time- dollars that we are giving up in saving for our future retirement security.

Many people in Europe or other nations have little empathy for U.S. drivers, but our country is so large that many of us routinely drive for an hour or more one-way to work each morning. It’s not uncommon for many of us to put over 75 or 100 miles on the car each day.  It’s a fact of life based on our geography that many of our own citizens often forget.  Those of you living in the city or suburbs of a large metropolitan area may not commuite or drive quite as far.  But many other people live in rural areas far from any metropolitan city and must not only drive long distances to work, but also to see a doctor, receive medical care or simply shop for groceries.

Obviously some of us drive vehicles that use a lot more gas, and it’s dawning on a lot more people that the money we spend for gas is simply being wasted on gas fumes.  Sure we love our big cars and trucks, but at what point are we willing to give up our future retirement security by driving a comfortable car?  Do we really need such a big car?  Maybe. But I believe that more Americans will give up the luxury of a larger car for the convenience and economic bonus of driving a smaller car. 

Most of us will never really understand the reasons for the runup of oil prices.  Demand is obviously a huge issue worldwide and speculation is being looked at more closely for the impact to high prices.    It is somewhat amazing that large investment banks can control enormous trading positions in oil and gas reserves.  Even billionaire George Soros sees much of the energy price runup due to “craze-following” behavior by financial institutions.

But regardless of the cause, the energy crisis is here and is causing a major shift in U.S. consumer behavior.  The media has begun reporting on the extinction of gas guzzlers in the U.S. as well as how American companies are reeling from energy costs.   U.S. consumers have cut back on gasoline use for the third month in a row, and the airlines are struggling as never before as corporate costs will continue to be passed to consumers. 

“Pressure from higher energy costs is already being felt, with Kimberly-Clark announcing it intends to raise prices on its consumer goods products 6 percent to 8 percent in the third quarter. The maker of Kleenex tissues and Huggies diapers said higher energy and raw materials costs were to blame for the price increases.”

We’re seeing price increases all around with food, energy and a greater number of retail goods.  The point is simply that high gas prices and the related impact on the family budget are a very real personal financial planning and retirement issue.  In what way?  Based on the cost of ownership of various vehicles, including how much it costs to put gas in the tank.  Don’t get me wrong, this is a free country and I love a big vehicle to move people and stuff around when I need it.  But when I need it is the important part of that sentence.  Most of us are realizing that we don’t really need quite as much car or truck as we thought we did. 

The New York Times describes how we’re staggering under the cost of $4 gas while examining the cost of ownership of various vehicles, and why consumers are changing their minds about what they’ll buy and drive these days:

“While the F-250 costs $100,000 and a fully loaded F-150 — the better-known, smaller Ford pickup — costs about $70,000, a Ford Focus still costs less than $40,000 over five years. A Honda Civic Hybrid does, too. A Toyota Prius costs only a little more. A Subaru Outback station wagon runs $50,000 or so.”

“To put this in perspective, the difference between a Focus and an F-250 over five years is $60,000. The annual pretax income of a typical family in this country is also about $60,000. So choosing a F-250 over a Focus is like volunteering for a 20 percent pay cut. The relative resale values might cushion the blow a little, but not much.”

“That’s why more people are deciding that towing capacity and the other benefits of pickup trucks and S.U.V.’s are not worth the costs. The F-250 may still make sense for some business owners. But, as Mr. Fisher says, on those few occasions when the rest of us need to move some horses, we can rent a truck. “The new economics of car buying is, ‘Don’t overbuy,’ ” he told me. “Buy something you’re going to need most of the time.”

That’s a great example for the impact of gas prices based on the type of vehicle we drive (it’s still somehwat incredible to me that U.S. automakers have been so ill-prepared to deal with this shift in need and demand!).  

But sky-high gas prices affect everything, including retirement security for you and me.  What are we giving up in future dollars and earnings simply to drive that big truck around town?  If I were to run the numbers it would be staggering.  Think of  the tremendous amount of money over time and it’s not hard to see how $30,000 to $40,000 over five years can become an incredible sum of money.  So what we drive each day and how much money we spend on it can make an enormous difference in our ability to save discretionary income for retirement. 

It’s not all about gas prices either.  While we continue to see price increases at the grocery store, it’s only a matter of time before wage increases won’t keep up.   The fact that wage inflation is under control right now may be more due to widespread economic challenges rather than anything else.  As the business cycle heats up again in the years ahead I have to believe we’ll see stronger inflationary pressures and rising interest rates all around. Fuel prices may be even higher.  If it costs more to live in the years ahead we need to think hard about how much money we’re willing to give up from savings right now.   Every dollar we save by driving a higher mileage vehicle means more dollars saved in the years ahead.

With that said, it’s a pretty good time to re-think the monthly budget, and and how much we’re willing to spend each year on fuel costs.  I’m not willing to sacrifice my future retirement security by spending so much money on gas.  Like many people I’m just not sure what I’ll do about it yet.  But I suspect a better mileage vehicle may be in our future.

If you are younger than thirty-something, you probably haven’t given much thought to Medicare or what kind of long-term care insurance you’ll have in your senior years.  For many of us, our first experience with the bureaucratic maze that is Medicare comes in our forties or fifties when we are helping aging parents navigate their health care options.  That can be a sobering experience as we realize that someday we’ll be facing those same challenges.  And for those looking ahead or living in retirement, the questions about general healthcare and medicare become increasingly important. 

It’s no surprise that healthcare issues are so confusing.  Most of us are still trying to figure out our financial retirement needs let alone examine how much we might need for health care in our senior years.   That’s why Long-Term Care is such an important financial planning issue.  Have you really looked at long-term health care insurance plans yet?  Most of us have not. 

What is Long-Term Care?

In general, long-term care insurance provides financial assistance with physical and/or emotional care for a person who is unable to perform routine activities of daily living such as bathing, dressing, preparing meals, walking, using the bathroom, staying safe in the home, managing the home, etc.  This type of care is continuous and may be due to illness or normal aging conditions. 

What sets it apart from other forms of care is that it is required and necessary, and is usually due to illness, disability or some other chronic health care problem.  Long-term care typically involves a person living in a nursing home or other assisted living care facility that provides specialized medical, social or physical services.  But long term care can also be temporary due to a specific need, and is very often provided by relatives or other caregivers in the home because that’s the traditional way we help family members.  Sometimes it’s the only help someone has.

The vast majority of us live at home in our senior years and have relatives or friends as caregivers when we need help with something.  But at some point, many people do need long-term care and it is very expensive.  Formal long term care costs often range from $30,000 to $60,000 a year or more.  According to AARP, the average U. S. costs for long-term care are:

• $5,566 a month for a semi-private room in a nursing home
• $6,266 a month for a private room in a nursing home
• $2,968 a month for care in an assisted living unit
• $19 per hour for a home health aide 

Those numbers can really add up, and that’s the reason that many financial planners believe that without long-term care insurance, you really don’t have a financial plan.  If you’ve planned for most financial contingencies except for long term care, then what happens when you end up spending your life savings to provide care for a spouse or family member?  If you haven’t planned for that possibility as well, then your financial plan may have holes in it.

Why should you plan for Long-Term Care? 
Because, at least 70 percent of people over age 65 will require some long-term care services at some point in their lives.  And, contrary to what many people believe, Medicare and private health insurance programs do not pay for the majority of long-term care services that most people need - help with personal care such as dressing or using the bathroom independently.  Planning is essential for you to be able to get the care you might need.  Source: National Clearinghouse for Long-Term Care Information

Admittedly however, not everyone needs or can afford to purchase long-term care insurance.  Lets be realistic: Long-term care insurance itself is very expensive. With annual costs around $2000 to $3000 for a basic policy in the early years, those cost may increase as a person gets older.  And it’s not designed as forever care.  Long-term care insurance typically covers a certain period of time, for example a three to five year period.  But it can provide longer care, even over the course of a person’s liftetime, but that will be very expensive.   When do most people get long-term care insurance?  Most financial planners advise looking at it in your early to mid-fifties.  But if you wait until your sixties or seventies, the costs may become prohibitive.  The fifties provide a balance of cost of insurance versus affordability based on income and retirement planning needs.

But it’s important to shop carefully and make sure you knowing what type of long-term care policy you are agreeing to.   From an historical perpsective, long-term care insurance is relatively new.  So are the laws and regulations that govern its use, and practically we are just beginning to see how it works out for people.  The concept is sound, and the need is real.  But as with other insurance products, it may be best to get a second opinion in the early years. 

For those who can afford it, long-term care insurance is just that.  Insurance to provide financial assistance in times of need.  Like many other people, I am learning how hard it is to face these realities.  When you’re in good health in your forties, fifties or sixties, it’s hard to rationalize spending a good chunk of money each month on long term care that you only might need. 

But long term care insurance provides valuable coverage for specific life needs, just as auto or home insurance protects a family from catastrophic financial loss due to accident or disaster.  Long term care insurance protects that same family from catastrophic financial costs due to health care factors that many adults face in their senior years.

And the crux of the issue is that Medicare is not going to take care of most long term care needs.  What does this mean exactly?  Well, Medicare by itself will not meet long term care (LTC) needs because Medicare only covers some home health, skilled nursing and hospice care, all of which have degrees of meaning and definitions.  Medicare does not cover custodial care such as cooking food, cleaning a home or providing nursing home related care. 

Medicare will help pay for home care in certain situations such as:

• A doctor certifies that a patient is homebound, meaning it takes considerable effort to leave the home, and
• The individual needs skilled physical, speech or occupational therapy services, or skilled nursing on an intermittent level (less than 7 days a week) or part-tim (less than 8 hours a day) basis.  If the medicare recipient only needs skilled nursing, they must either need it fewer than 7 days a week (even as little as once every 60-90 days) or daily (seven days a week) for a short period of time (usually 2-3 weeks), and
• The doctor certifies the need for home care, and
• The individual receives care from a Medicare-certified home health agency (HHA).

What about other situations where Medicare does help with long-term care?   Well, if you qualify for the home health benefit, Medicare may cover the following types of care:

1.     Skilled nursing services. Medicare pays in full for skilled nursing, which includes services and care that can only be performed safely and effectively by a licensed nurse. Administration of medications, tube feedings, catheter changes, observation and assessment of a patient’s condition, management and evaluation of a patient’s care plan, and wound care are examples of skilled nursing. Any service that could be safely performed by a nonmedical person (or one’s self) without the direct supervision of a licensed nurse is not covered.
2.    Skilled therapy services. Medicare pays in full for physical, speech and occupational therapy. Physical therapy includes exercises to regain movement and strength to a body area and training on how to use special equipment. Speech-language pathology services include exercises to regain and strengthen speech and language skills. Occupational therapy helps you become able to do usual daily activities by yourself, such as eating and putting on clothes. Medicare will pay for therapy services to maintain your condition and prevent you from getting worse; you do not need to have the potential to improve.
3.     Home health aide services. Medicare pays in full for a home health aide if you require skilled services. A home health aide provides personal care services including help with bathing, using the toilet, and dressing. If you ONLY require personal care, you do NOT qualify for the Medicare home care benefit.
4.     Medical social services. Medicare pays in full for services to help you with social and emotional concerns you have related to your illness. This might include counseling or help finding resources in your community.
5.     Medical supplies. Medicare pays in full for medical supplies provided by the Medicare-certified home health agency, such as wound dressings and catheters needed for your care.
6.     Evaluation services. Medicare pays for evaluation services if performed by a skilled nurse or therapist.
7.     Durable medical equipment. Medicare pays 80% of its approved amount for certain pieces of medical equipment, such as a wheelchair or walker.

Obviously it is best to thoroughly research your situation, talk with an informed health care provider, and seek counseling assistance if necessary.  Did you know that your State Health Insurance Program has representatives available to discuss Medicare related issues with you?  If you have questions or concerns, you can call a toll-free number at this Medicare page and speak to someone within your State about Medicare issues.  These counselors will help you meet a local representative to answer questions if necessary. 

For more information please see the Medicare.gov site on Long-Term Care or the National Clearinghouse for Long-Term Care Information.

When is the last time you’ve had a retirement health check-up?  There’s a lot of information out there to help answer questions we have about saving and investing for retirement (or during retirement).  But if you’re like most people, some of that information is pretty confusing.  Have you considered meeting with a professional to look at where things stand?  Research data shows that more Americans are doing something to prepare for retirement than ever before, which is very good news.   But at the same time, we’re also very concerned about our future retirement.

Concerned about the troubled economy, rising health care costs and falling home values, Americans’ confidence in being able to afford a comfortable retirement fell at a record rate over the past year, sinking to its lowest level since 2001.

”This year’s results show a very dramatic reduction in the public’s confidence about having a comfortable retirement,” said Dallas Salisbury, president of the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute, which has conducted a comprehensive Retirement Confidence Survey with the research firm Mathew Greenwald and Associates for 18 years.

“In an encouraging sign, this year’s survey found that 47 percent of workers say they or their spouses have tried to calculate how much money they will need for a comfortable retirement. That figure is up considerably from the low point of 29 percent 1996 and slightly higher than 43 percent in 2007.”

“As before, the 2008 survey found that doing a retirement savings calculation - even if it’s just a rough estimate - is particularly effective at changing behavior: 44 percent of those who calculated a savings goal changed their retirement planning, and of those, 59 percent started saving or investing more.”

“Still, savings levels are modest. Almost half (49 percent) of all workers report savings and investments of less than $50,000, and 22 percent have no savings at all, the survey found.”

So we know it’s important to keep saving and investing, and putting money away for retirement.  In fact, that’s the single biggest thing we can do to improve our retirement situation- save more money on a regular basis.

One way to do that is to open your own retirement fund.  More people are doing so than ever before,  and The New York Times takes a closer look at this too in A Stalwart of Retirement Planning: The I.R.A.

So if you’ve already got a retirement plan in place, is it something you can fall back on (i.e. borrow money from) before retirement?  Yes, that’s possible.  But it’s a risky move to borrow from your retirement plan whether that’s an IRA or your 401(k).

In my view that’s the last place you ever consider borrowing money from, and if you don’t have to, then simply don’t do it because many people never pay it back:

“Nearly one-third of adults who have prematurely withdrawn funds from their retirement products said they cannot pay them back, and 45% said they either cannot pay back the funds or have not begun to do so, according to a recent Wall Street Journal Online/Harris Interactive Personal Finance.”

“Even among the highest income earners surveyed—making more than $75,000—more than one-quarter of respondents said they cannot pay back their premature withdrawals.”

“Those ages 45 to 54 are less likely to be able to pay back their premature withdrawals, and those ages 18 to 34 were more likely to be currently making payments.”

Retirement planning is about a lot of things, but most importantly it’s about having enough money to fund our needs when we are older. Sometimes those needs change- especially when our family situation changes. Keeping the retirement money straight can sometimes be a challenge, but it’s important to consider how marriage, divorce, death or job changes impact your retirement plan.

And with new laws, new financial products and a lot of people looking ahead at retirement, it’s no wonder that more of us turn to a financial professional for help.

“Over the last few decades, much of the responsibility - and risk - of on-the-job retirement investing has shifted to employees. Fewer workers have traditional defined benefit pensions. And while many employees still have defined contribution plans, such as matching 401(k) plans, they handle their own saving and investment decisions.”

“Here’s the problem: For most of us, do-it-yourself planning leads to needless mistakes and financial loss. That’s because most of us aren’t investment professionals, and we need expert help to reach our goals. This becomes painfully obvious in a rocky economy and stock market, like the one we’re experiencing now.”

“And there’s one other painful truth: Most people just don’t want to be bothered. Only 19 percent of 401(k) plan participants make a trade of any kind in their accounts in a given year, according to research from employee benefits consulting firm Hewitt Associates. That suggests more than 80 percent of us just aren’t paying attention.”

I’m certainly not about frequent trading inside a 401(k) plan per se, but the point is valid in that many people are not even thinking about the choices they have in their retirement plans, or making new choices when life situations change. 

Some of the choices in 401(k) plans are limited, and some plans have too many choices to understand easily.  But some plans do offer a more flexible target retirement option that rebalances automatically based on age.  Do you know what your options are within your 401(k) plan?  Do you know how your retirement funds are allocated?  If you’ve been at your employer for 15 years, is it time to rebalance the investments within your 401(k)? 

So by not paying attention, the article indicates that we might need to make some active choices over the years for how our money is managed within the 401(k) plan.  Can you do that yourself?  Sure, it’s possible.  But if you are counting on that 401(k) plan to be your primary income or supplement during retirement, then maybe it’s worth it to consult with a professional.  A good financial planner or investment professional can help simplify the process and validate the best choices out of the options available.  When it comes to our retirement, that’s a pretty good idea.  After all, most of us get an annual check-up with a doctor.  Why should our financial health be any different?

Do you worry about how your IRA is doing these days? If so you’re not alone, but what exactly you do about that is an entirely different question. Walter Updegrave discusses one reader’s concerns about this very issue in IRA freefall: Cash out or hold pat? .

Basically the reader’s question showed that he/she really had no idea about what their IRA was even invested in, or what strategy they had for investing in the first place. This is not uncommon, especially for most people who begin an IRA without the help of a professional advisor. For many of us, the IRA is the second place we save money for retirement after the employer’s retirement plan at work. Because it is a retirement fund though, we often worry about how it’s doing. It’s not very much fun to get statements in the mail showing the IRA value has declined over several months, especially if you’re close to retirement.

Do You Really Want the Money Now? There are many better options than to simply liquidate the IRA, take the money and plunk it in a bank or CD account. Doing that could be a very costly mistake, and result in a bundle in taxes and penalties with the IRS next year if it’s a traditional, deductible IRA. First, if it’s not a qualified withdrawal or rollover, you’ll have to pay a 10% penalty on the amount withdrawn if you’re younger than age 59 1/2, and then you’ll have to pay taxes on the withdrawal amount as well. Depending upon the size of your account, that could be a lot of money, could set you back years, and basically you may be starting all over with far less than you had if you had just left things alone.

If it’s a Roth IRA, you should be able to take out tax-free distributions anytime, as long as you are only withdrawing contributions that you have made to the account. This is not true for a traditional, deductible IRA. But even with a Roth IRA, if you take out excess contributions or earnings, you may be taking an unqualified distribution, and may owe taxes or penalties. But the beauty of the Roth IRA is that you can take out money that you have put in just about any time you want. You just cannot take out any earnings or gains on the money you have deposited over time.

* If you are considering closing your Roth IRA or taking out earnings, there are special rules for distributions. And the distribution rules for Traditional (deductible) IRAs are different.

But I Want My Money! In either case, let’s say you became really worried and closed your IRA account- within the last 60 days. In that case you may be in luck- you’re entitled to one rollover each year, as long as you do so within 60 days. So yes, technically, you can take out all of your IRA money, look around for a good long while, and then re-deposit it in a new account in less than 60 days and you won’t owe any taxes or penalties. Some folks even do this as a short-term loan. But you better make sure to get that money back in a new account in less than 60 days!

But guess what? If you close your IRA outright, financial institutions are normally required to deduct 20% automatically for federal taxes. And if you get busy and don’t find or receive the new IRA paperwork in time to get that money back in a new account within 60 days, you just may have taken an unqualified distribution, and won’t be able to complete a rollover. But at least a good chunk of the taxes are paid already, right? Ugh. That’s a less than ideal way to loan yourself money or try to keep it from losing value in the market. And you just started over- while you do have most of the money, your IRA is gone. You’ll have to start a new one if you want another IRA.

What’s a rollover really for? Usually a rollover is used to move retirement money from an employer’s plan into your own IRA. Or from one compan’s retirement plan, to your IRA and then to a new company’s retirement plan. It can also be used if you are moving IRA money from one institution to a new IRA at another institution to develop a new or different portfolio and investing strategy. Keep in mind that IRA rollovers are reportable transactions for IRS tax purposes, and you can only do this once per year. Some professionals believe that employers retirement plans may offer better options than an IRA over the long term. But it’s too easy to say that one is better than another outright. If you are comfortable with your employer’s plan, that’s great. Just make sure it is diversified over time. I like the option of spreading the wealth around, and having my own IRA at another institution such as Vanguard. Plus if you have your own IRA established, it can serve as a transfer vehicle if you move from one job to another throughout your career.

If you are just trying to move your IRA from one place to another, there’s a better way. Simply work with the new institution first, and you can transfer your IRA to a different bank, brokerage company or other financial institution.  An IRA transfer is different from an IRA rollover. With a transfer you are simply moving some or all of your money to a different institution. This is often called a trustee-to-trustee transfer. You can make unlimited transfers each year, and a transfer is a non-reportable transaction for income tax purposes. The new institution will simply help you fill out the required forms and paperwork to transfer your IRA directly to a new account, and you will never see the money personally.  A little paperwork and you’re done!

What Can I Do With My IRA?  So back to our original discussion: Why do people transfer IRAs and what else can we do with them? Even though IRAs have been around for many years, many people are just now realizing the power of an IRA. Your IRA can hold just about any type of assets in it. It’s just an account- and what you keep inside of it is up to you. You can have a money market fund for your IRA, or a mutual fund, or a basket of stocks. Your IRA can be with a bank, or a mutual fund company or as a brokerage account. Just because you opened the IRA with the bank down the street doesn’t mean you have to keep it there. You can move and re-establish that IRA with a new financial institution, and develop an entirely new strategy for investing for retirement.

Let’s say you completed the paperwork for the transfer- it may take a few weeks to get to the new institution. But once your money is in the new account, you can begin to implement your new goals and strategy.  For example, you may have transferred an IRA from a bank to a mutual fund company like Vanguard.  You can choose the type of mutual fund you want your money transfered to when you open the new account.  After the money is in that account, you can also re-allocate or direct some of that money to new mutual funds.

That’s basically how I approach it.  I prefer a well diversified portfolio of mutual funds in my IRA, along with a money market fund- what I call my Super Charged IRA. Why? Each year when I make my IRA contribution, it goes right into that money market fund. Then I can decide when and where I want the money in that money market fund to go. Then I divide it, or allocate that money into different mutual funds. All within my one single IRA. If I want to, I can even move money from the more aggressive stock mutual funds back into the money market fund. Normally I work on finding the right mutual funds, allocate the money, and then leave it alone. I try not to worry about the ups and downs of the market. It’s a strategy that works for me.

And that’s an important aspect of the article cited above: Implement an IRA strategy that builds upon a portfolio of diversified investments over time. And then leave it there to grow. As you get closer to retirement, that portfolio of stocks, mutual funds, etc, can be adjusted to fit your risk tolerance and other needs. Setting it up takes a little paperwork at first, but that’s about it.

What’s the hardest part? Having the patience and discipline to stick with it over time. Especially when the markets show the IRA as losing value. But if you’re having a hard time sleeping at night, that might tell you to think about changing your strategy, or maybe that you really don’t have a strategy to begin with and need one. You’re not alone- just read a few of the comments on that article. Most importantly however, it’s never too late to start.

* Investopedia has a great IRA information center for reference. There are countless different situations involving IRAs and retirement planning. If you are considering moving a lot of money around with IRAs, be sure to consult with your financial planner and tax professional. It might just save you a ton of money in taxes!

* Here’s a short review of some Common IRA Rollover Mistakes to avoid.

* Are you inheriting an IRA from someone? There are special rules for that too, and it may be time to sit down with a professional to review the best option for your situation.

* Here are some FAQ’s from the IRS regarding IRAs and Retirement Plans.